There is no doubt that defined benefit plans are complex. The most complex aspect is the defined benefit plan formula.
There is a reason that these plans have to be signed off and certified by an actuary. The formula calculation is too challenging for the average person. In fact, most CPAs would have no idea.
This post will discuss how the defined benefit plan formula works and walk through a couple of examples. You won’t be an expert. However, you should better understand how your plan is calculated. Let’s jump it.
Plan Formula:
The benefit is determined by multiplying the percentage of the average monthly compensation over the last 3 years by the number of years the participant worked for the business.
Defined benefit plan formula
A defined benefit plan is a unique retirement plan that gives employees a specified benefit upon retirement. You determine the benefit amount by a formula that considers the employee’s years of service and salary history. Here’s a closer look at the formula for a defined benefit plan.
The formula for a defined benefit plan typically involves three main components:
- The Accrual Rate: The accrual rate is the percentage of the employee’s salary credited to the employee’s retirement benefit each year. You express this rate as a fraction or a percentage and can vary depending on the employer and the plan design. For example, an accrual rate of 1.5% might mean the employee’s retirement benefit increases by 1.5% of their salary yearly.
- Years of Service: The number of years an employee has worked for the employer is a critical factor in the defined benefit plan formula. The longer the employee works for the employer, the higher their retirement benefit will be. You calculate the benefit based on a formula considering the employee’s years of service.
- Final Average Pay: The final average pay is the average salary earned by the employee over a specific period, such as the last three years of employment. This figure is used to determine the employee’s retirement benefit amount.
A simple calculation method
The formula for a defined benefit plan is typically expressed as:
Retirement Benefit = Accrual Rate x Years of Service x Final Average Pay
For example, if an employee had an accrual rate of 1.5%, worked for the employer for 25 years, and had a final average pay of $100,000, their retirement benefit would be:
Retirement Benefit = 1.5% x 25 x $100,000 = $37,500 per year
It’s important to note that the formula for a defined benefit plan can vary depending on the plan design and the employer’s preferences. Additionally, the formula may be subject to certain IRS limits. Employers should consult a financial advisor or TPA to ensure compliance with IRS rules and regulations when designing a defined benefit plan.
How do you calculate the final payout for a defined benefit plan
You calculate the final payout for a defined benefit plan based on the specific formula outlined in the plan document. In general, the formula for a defined benefit plan takes into account the employee’s years of service, salary history, and other factors, such as retirement age and benefit payment options.
To calculate the final payout for a defined benefit plan, the following steps are involved:
- Determine the employee’s years of service: The number of years that the employee worked for the employer is a critical factor in the defined benefit plan formula. The longer the employee worked for the employer, the higher their retirement benefit will be. The years of service are usually defined as the period of time from the employee’s date of hire to their date of termination or retirement.
- Calculate the employee’s final average pay: The final average pay is the average salary earned by the employee over a specific period, such as the last three years of employment. You use this figure to determine the employee’s retirement benefit amount. You adjust the final average pay for inflation using a cost of living adjustment (COLA) or other similar method.
- Apply the defined benefit plan formula: The formula for a defined benefit plan typically involves the accrual rate, years of service, and final average pay. The formula may also include other factors, such as retirement age and benefit payment options. You must apply the formula to calculate the employee’s monthly or annual retirement benefit amount.
- Determine the benefit payment options: The employee may have the option to choose how they receive their retirement benefit, such as a single-life annuity, a joint and survivor annuity, or a lump-sum payment. The payment options will affect the final payout amount.
- Factor in any taxes or deductions: The final payout amount may be subject to taxes or other deductions, such as health insurance premiums or other benefit costs.
Formula example
Once all of these factors are taken into account, the actuary can calculate the final payout for the plan. The exact calculation method can vary depending on the specific plan design and employer preferences and the plan document. Employers should consult with an administrator to ensure IRS compliance when designing and administering the plan.
The actuarial formula for calculating the annual benefit under a defined benefit plan is as follows:
Formula
Annual benefit = Accrual rate × Final average pay × Service credit
Where:
- Accrual rate: This is the rate at which the plan formula calculates the benefit. For example, if the accrual rate is 2%, the annual benefit would be 2% of the final average pay for each year of service credit.
- Final average pay: This is the average of an employee’s highest consecutive years of compensation, typically the last three to five years of employment.
- Service credit is the number of years of service the employee has accrued under the plan.
How are defined benefit plan contributions calculated?
The actuarial formula can include other factors, such as early retirement reductions or spousal survivor benefits. Actuaries use the formula to determine the plan’s funding requirements and to calculate the amount of participant benefits.
| Formula | $ Amount |
| Beginning of year (BOY) | $40,000 |
| Interest crediting rate | 5% |
| W2 Compensation | $80,000 |
| Pay credit | 50% of W2 |
| End of year (EOY) | $82,000 |
Final thoughts
In conclusion, defined benefit plans offer numerous advantages for business owners, making them an excellent choice for their retirement savings. First, these plans provide a predictable and guaranteed income stream in retirement. By knowing exactly how much they will receive each month, they can better plan their post-retirement expenses.
Second, defined benefit plans allow business owners to contribute larger sums of money compared to other retirement options. This will also allow for more significant tax deductions. This not only reduces their current tax burden, but also enables them to save more in a tax-advantaged manner.
Furthermore, defined benefit plans offer substantial benefits for business owners when it comes to attracting and retaining top talent. By offering a generous and secure retirement plan, businesses can differentiate themselves in the job market, making their company more appealing to potential employees.
Additionally, defined benefit plans help business owners build loyalty and a long-term commitment from their employees. Knowing that their retirement is secure, employees are more likely to remain with the company. This can reduce turnover costs and foster a stable work environment. Ultimately, defined benefit plans not only provide business owners with financial security but also serve as a strategic tool.
